The great donkey remark
“Congratulation Lorenzin and Siliquini Italian Superior Health Council )
C’è un fondato rischio di un’associazione tra struttura della vaccinazione esavalente e malattie autoimmuni
Table 1
Autoimmune diseases reported after vaccination
| Autoimmune disease | Type of vaccine | Ref |
|---|---|---|
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | HBV, tetanus, anthrax | [17] |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | HBV, tetanus, typhoid/parathypoid, MMR | [18] |
| Multiple sclerosis | HBV | [19–21] |
| Reactive arthritis | BCG, typhoid, DPT, MMR, HBV influenza | [22–24] |
| Polymiositis/ dermatomyositis | BCG, smallpox, diphtheria, DPT | [22, 25] |
| Polyarteritis nodosa | Influenza, pertussis, HBV | [22, 25] |
| Guillain-Barrè syndrome | Influenza, polio, tetanus | [26–28] |
| Diabetes mellitus-type I | HIB | [29–31] |
| Idiopathic thrombocytopenia | MMR, HBV | [22, 25] |
| Hashimoto thyroiditis | HBV | [32] |
Table 3: il vaccino HBV (non obbligatorio in Francia dal 2003) appare particolarmente pericoloso
Summary of the epidemiologic studies on relationship between HBV vaccine and autoimmune diseases
| Type vaccine | Study design | Patients | Findings: primary effect size estimated (95% CI or p value) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies included in the weight of epidemiologic evidence for HBV Vaccine and Optic Neuritis | ||||
| HBV vaccine | Case control study | -108 patients with optic neuritis, | OR for optic neuritis onset any time after hepatitis B vaccination: 1.2 (95% CI, 0.5–3.1) | [60] |
| -228 controls | ||||
| Case control study | -1,131 patients with optic neuritis, | OR for optic neuritis onset within 18 weeks of hepatitis B vaccination: 1.02 (95% CI, 0.68–1.54) | [61] | |
| -3,393 controls | ||||
| Studies included in the weight of epidemiologic evidence for HBV Vaccine and MS onset in adults | ||||
| HBV vaccine | Case control study | -190 patients with MS | Age-adjusted RR of MS onset any time after hepatitis B vaccination compared to healthy controls: 0.9 (95% CI, 0.5–1.6) | [19] |
| -534 healthy controls, | Age-adjusted RR of MS onset within 2 years of hepatitis B vaccination compared to healthy controls: 0.7 (95% CI, 0.3–1.7) | |||
| -111 breast cancer controls | Age-adjusted RR of MS onset any time after hepatitis B vaccination compared to breast cancer controls: 1.2 (95% CI, 0.5–2.9) | |||
| Age-adjusted RR of MS onset within 2 years of hepatitis B vaccination compared to breast cancer controls: 1.0 (95% CI, 0.3–4.2) | ||||
| HBV vaccine | Case control study | -332 MS patients, | OR for MS onset any time after hepatitis B vaccination: 0.8 (95% CI, 0.5–1.4 | [60] |
| -722 controls | ||||
| Case control | -163 MS patients, | OR for MS onset within 3 years of hepatitis B vaccination: 3.1 (95% CI, 1.5–6.3) | [76] | |
| -1,604 controls | ||||
| Studies included in the weight of epidemiologic evidence for HBV Vaccine and first demyelinating event in adults | ||||
| HBV vaccine | Controlled study | -440 patients with demyelinating disease; | OR for demyelinating disease onset any time after hepatitis B vaccination: 0.9 (95% CI, 0.6–1.5) | [60] |
| -950 controls | ||||
| Controlled study | -1,131 patients with optic neuritis; | OR for optic neuritis onset within 18 weeks of hepatitis B vaccination: 1.02 (95% CI, 0.68–1.54) | [61] | |
| -3,393 controls | ||||
| Self-controlled study | -234 patients with a frst CNS demyelinating event | RR of first demyelinating event 0–60 days after hepatitis B vaccination: 1.68 (95% CI, 0.76–3.68). RR of first demyelinating event 61–365 days after hepatitis B vaccination: 1.33 (95% CI, 0.65–2.69). RR of first demyelinating event indefinitely (maximum of 2.29 years) after hepatitis B vaccination: 1.35 (95% CI,0.61–3.01) | [94] | |
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Vaccination and autoimmune diseases: is prevention of adverse health effects on the horizon?
1,2 Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus, affect about 5% of the worldwide population. In the last decade, reports have accumulated on various autoimmune disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, myopericarditis, primary ovarian failure, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), following vaccination. In this review, we discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of autoimmune reactions following vaccinations and review cases of autoimmune diseases that have been correlated with vaccination. Molecular mimicry and bystander activation are reported as possible mechanisms by which vaccines can cause autoimmune reactions. The individuals who might be susceptible to develop these reactions could be especially not only those with previous post-vaccination phenomena and those with allergies but also in individuals who are prone to develop autoimmune diseases, such as those with a family history of autoimmunity or with known autoantibodies, and the genetic predisposed individuals.
Further research is encouraged into the direct associations between vaccines and autoimmune conditions, and the biological mechanisms behind them.
